尽管自1970年代以来就已经知道，普通付款游戏中的全球最佳策略概况是纳什均衡，但全球最优性是严格的要求，它限制了结果的适用性。在这项工作中，我们表明任何本地最佳的对称策略概况也是（全局）NASH平衡。此外，我们证明了这一结果对通用收益和本地最佳的扰动是可靠的。应用于机器学习，我们的结果为任何梯度方法提供了全球保证，该方法在对称策略空间中找到了局部最佳。尽管该结果表明单方面偏差的稳定性，但我们仍然确定了广泛的游戏类别，这些游戏混合了当地的最佳选择，在不对称的偏差下是不稳定的。我们通过在一系列对称游戏中运行学习算法来分析不稳定性的普遍性，并通过讨论结果对多代理RL，合作逆RL和分散的POMDP的适用性来得出结论。

假设人类（大约）理性使机器人能够通过观察人类行为来推断奖励功能。但人们展出了各种各样的非理性，我们与这项工作的目标是更好地了解他们可以对奖励推论的影响。研究这种效果的挑战是存在许多类型的非理性，具有不同程度的数学形式化。因此，通过改变Bellman Optimaly公式，使用本框架来研究这些框架会如何影响推理的框架，从而通过改变MDP的语言。我们发现错误地建模一个系统地造型的人类，因为嘈杂的理性比正确捕获这些偏差更糟糕 - 这么多，因此可以更好地跳过推动并坚持先前！更重要的是，我们表明，在正确建模时，一个非理性人类可以传达有关奖励的更多信息，而不是完全合理的人体。也就是说，如果机器人具有正确的人类非理性模型，如果人类是理性的，它可以使推论比它能够更强大。非理性基本上有助于而不是阻碍奖励推断，但需要正确占用。

一些研究人员推测智能强化学习（RL）代理商将被激励寻求资源和追求目标的权力。其他研究人员指出，RL代理商不需要具有人类的寻求技能本能。为了澄清这一讨论，我们开展了最优政策统计趋势的第一个正式理论。在马尔可夫决策过程的背景下，我们证明某些环境对称是足以实现对环境寻求权力的最佳政策。这些对称存在于许多环境中，其中代理可以关闭或销毁。我们证明，在这些环境中，大多数奖励功能使其通过保持一系列可用的选项来寻求电力，并在最大限度地提高平均奖励时，通过导航到更大的潜在终端状态。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

We present a Machine Learning (ML) study case to illustrate the challenges of clinical translation for a real-time AI-empowered echocardiography system with data of ICU patients in LMICs. Such ML case study includes data preparation, curation and labelling from 2D Ultrasound videos of 31 ICU patients in LMICs and model selection, validation and deployment of three thinner neural networks to classify apical four-chamber view. Results of the ML heuristics showed the promising implementation, validation and application of thinner networks to classify 4CV with limited datasets. We conclude this work mentioning the need for (a) datasets to improve diversity of demographics, diseases, and (b) the need of further investigations of thinner models to be run and implemented in low-cost hardware to be clinically translated in the ICU in LMICs. The code and other resources to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/vital-ultrasound/ai-assisted-echocardiography-for-low-resource-countries.

The ability to jointly learn from multiple modalities, such as text, audio, and visual data, is a defining feature of intelligent systems. While there have been promising advances in designing neural networks to harness multimodal data, the enormous success of data augmentation currently remains limited to single-modality tasks like image classification. Indeed, it is particularly difficult to augment each modality while preserving the overall semantic structure of the data; for example, a caption may no longer be a good description of an image after standard augmentations have been applied, such as translation. Moreover, it is challenging to specify reasonable transformations that are not tailored to a particular modality. In this paper, we introduce LeMDA, Learning Multimodal Data Augmentation, an easy-to-use method that automatically learns to jointly augment multimodal data in feature space, with no constraints on the identities of the modalities or the relationship between modalities. We show that LeMDA can (1) profoundly improve the performance of multimodal deep learning architectures, (2) apply to combinations of modalities that have not been previously considered, and (3) achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide range of applications comprised of image, text, and tabular data.

The SINDy algorithm has been successfully used to identify the governing equations of dynamical systems from time series data. In this paper, we argue that this makes SINDy a potentially useful tool for causal discovery and that existing tools for causal discovery can be used to dramatically improve the performance of SINDy as tool for robust sparse modeling and system identification. We then demonstrate empirically that augmenting the SINDy algorithm with tools from causal discovery can provides engineers with a tool for learning causally robust governing equations.

Our aim is to build autonomous agents that can solve tasks in environments like Minecraft. To do so, we used an imitation learning-based approach. We formulate our control problem as a search problem over a dataset of experts' demonstrations, where the agent copies actions from a similar demonstration trajectory of image-action pairs. We perform a proximity search over the BASALT MineRL-dataset in the latent representation of a Video PreTraining model. The agent copies the actions from the expert trajectory as long as the distance between the state representations of the agent and the selected expert trajectory from the dataset do not diverge. Then the proximity search is repeated. Our approach can effectively recover meaningful demonstration trajectories and show human-like behavior of an agent in the Minecraft environment.